A general check up (every 6-12 months) ensures your dentist detects any problems in their early stages, before they become more severe. Treatment in the early stages is generally easier and much cheaper. In addition to assessing your tooth and gum health, your dentist may take x-rays to assess the dental pulp and roots of your teeth and look for any early signs of oral diseases that can affect your general health. During your check up your dentist may recommend a professional clean. This will remove calculus (tartar, calcified plaque) that has built up on your teeth.

Your dentist or dental hygienist will recommend you have a professional clean every 3 -12 months. Bacteria in your mouth form a thin film, called plaque, on your teeth. Over time the plaque and minerals in the saliva in your mouth form a hardened deposit called calculus (tartar). Regular brushing and flossing slows the build up of calculus but its removal requires a professional clean. If not removed calculus and plaque can lead to tooth decay and gingivitis (early gum disease). During a professional clean your dentist or dental hygienist will scale and polish your teeth using a variety of instruments. Scaling involves removing plaque and calculus from teeth and around the gum line. Polishing smoothes the surface of your teeth. A professional clean is usually painless, although you may experience some minor discomfort or sensitivity. Discuss this with your dentist as they may be able to administer pain relief.

Bridges A dental bridge is a false tooth or teeth that are fused between two porcelain crowns to fill in an area missing teeth. Your dentist will take a mould of your mouth and a dental technician will make your bridge so it matches the colour of your natural teeth. Bridges are important not only for improved cosmetic appearance but to keep existing teeth in position and prevent gum disease and tooth decay. Dentures (false teeth) Dentures are removable replacements for missing teeth made out of acrylic resin and sometimes porcelain to provide a more natural appearance. Your dentist will generally recommend dentures if you are not a suitable candidate for dental bridges or dental implants. Dentures will improve the appearance of your mouth and help strengthen muscles controlling your expressions, as well as improving chewing and speech. There are two main types of denture; complete and partial. Complete dentures are best if you have lost or are going to lose all of your teeth. If you still have a lot of healthy teeth, a partial denture is best. To make your denture your dentist will take a mould of your mouth and a dental technician will make your denture. You may need multiple visits to get an optimal fit.

Cosmetic dentistry combines a variety of techniques with the aim of giving you improved confidence and a better, whiter smile. Techniques include cosmetic contouring and reshaping, bonding, veneers, crowns, crown lengthening, bridges and tooth whitening. Cosmetic dentistry is not a recognised specialisation by the Dental Council of New Zealand (DCNZ) and may be carried out by any general dentist. For reconstructive dentistry that is outside of their practice scope or expertise, your dentist will refer you, depending on your circumstances, to an oral & maxillofacial surgeon, orthodontist or prosthodontist. Cosmetic contouring and reshaping Tooth contouring or reshaping generally does not require anaesthetic and can usually be done within 1-3 dental visits to correct minor problems with crooked, chipped, cracked or overlapping teeth. Your dentist will x-ray your teeth to ensure there is enough bone to do the procedure. They will sculpt your teeth and may use a sanding drill or laser for the surfaces and abrasive strips for the sides of your teeth. Your teeth will then be smoothed and polished. Your dentist may also use techniques such as bonding and veneers.

Crown lengthening involves removing excess gum and bone tissue to expose more of a natural tooth. This can be done to one or many teeth. Crown lengthening may be done to improve the appearance of your smile or may be required to expose enough of a decayed or broken tooth, so that another cosmetic procedure such as bridges, crowns, veneers or inlays and onlays may be done.

Dental caries (dental cavities, tooth decay) is the most prevalent oral disease. Bacteria in your mouth form a sticky film on your teeth called plaque. The bacteria digest food, particularly sugars, and release acid. Over time the acid dissolves the enamel and dentine on the outer layers of your tooth to create a hole or a cavity. It is important to visit your dentist regularly so cavities are detected early. In their early stages cavities are usually painless and easy to repair. Pain is not felt until they are large and are affecting nerves, or damage the structure of your tooth so badly a tooth fracture occurs. Left untreated tooth decay will destroy the pulp within your tooth and eventually the tooth will fall out. Untreated tooth decay can also result in the development of an abscess and serious illness. Once a dental caries has developed your dentist will need to remove the decay from the tooth and place a filling. More severe decay may require a crown or inlays or onlays to repair the structure of the tooth. If the nerve in the tooth has died a root canal treatment is usually recommended. Early Childhood Caries Early childhood caries (ECC) refers to caries that occur in the teeth of infants and young children and can lead to the destruction of their teeth. From approximately 6 months of age, or the age that teeth start to appear, children are at risk of developing ECC, generally as the result of prolonged exposure to sugar. ECC can be prevented by avoiding giving sweetened drinks to children or not allowing a baby to go to bed with a bottle of milk or juice.

Technology that creates beautiful smiles in a fast and safe manner Fastbraces® are designed to straighten teeth in a short time period of 3 months to about a year! The teeth are moved differently and safely, creating a beautiful smile that you have always dreamed of! The Fastbraces® Technology patented bracket design uses unique, triangular shaped braces that allow for the use of just one super-elastic nickel-titanium wire during the treatment process. This brace technology works on an entirely different mechanical principle altogether. Historically, old braces would move the crown of the tooth in the first year, and the root of the tooth in the second year. The Fastbraces ® Technology helps move the crown and root of the teeth at the same time, from the beginning of the treatment. Patients can now get results often with less sensitivity, in about a year, and in some instances, just 3 months. Get in touch today to find out how Fastbraces® could make a difference to your smile! Fast, Safe, Easy and Affordable. ASK US TODAY HOW WE CAN STRAIGHTEN YOUR TEETH IN MONTHS INSTEAD OF YEARS! The biggest question for a child or adult who may need braces would probably be “how quickly can I get them off?” There are no miracle shortcuts in orthodontics, but Fastbraces® Technology is different by design. Fastbraces® makes it possible to measure treatment time in months instead of years. Some patients see results in just a few weeks! The old style braces are generally square in shape and usually move the crown of the tooth in the first year, and the root of the tooth in the second year, which requires two years of treatment time. The patented triangular bracket in the Fastbraces® Technology gently allows for movement of the crown and the root of the teeth at the same time without any extra risk for the patient and with minimal discomfort. It’s fast, safe, easy and affordable! Are Fastbraces® less painful? University research has shown that Fastbraces® Technology has low mean frictional forces. This means a clear-cut reduction in sliding friction and pain reduction with fitting front and back teeth together. How long is treatment time? Fastbraces® Technology gently allows for movement of the roots of the teeth towards their final position from the onset of treatment, achieving root parallelism at the beginning stages, thus completing treatment from 3 months to about a year. Some patients see results in just weeks! Do I have to wear a retainer? With the complete alignment of the roots of the teeth, retention is needed every day for only 15-20 minutes. Some people like wearing the retainers at night (“Teeth pyjamas”). No more retainers for hours during the day for months after treatment. For more information call us today to schedule a FREE consultation – just mention Fastbraces®! How it works Fastbraces® Technology was developed with safety in mind allowing the system to be fast and affordable without compromising patient care. Fastbraces® Technology uses a unique, patented bracket design that is triangular shaped. The triangular shaped bracket allows for the use of just one wire. Now, patients can get a beautiful, straight smile in as little as a few months. Some patients see results in just a few weeks! Are Fastbraces® right for you? Fastbraces® are safe and effective for children and adults. During your consultation, the doctor will discuss your options with you and determine if you are a good candidate for Fastbraces® To discuss your treatment options, call our office today to schedule a FREE consultation! Other benefits include: Truly impressive results in months! A comfortable treatment Minimal retainer wear Affordable A beautiful, straight smile is at your fingertips. Find out if Fastbraces® are the right choice for you. The research Fastbraces® Technology has shown optimal performance in the following areas: Low frictional forces. Pain reduction statistically. Less root resorption statistically.

There are two types of filling, direct and indirect restorations. Direct restorations occur in a single visit and are placed directly into a prepared cavity by the dentist. The material used is usually a plastic resin and it is set using a UV light. Indirect fillings occur over multiple visits and involve the creation of inlays and onlays, crowns or veneers that the dentist fits over your tooth. Materials used for fillings: Amalgam fillings: Amalgam fillings are a blend of metals such as silver, copper, tin and mercury. The mercury intake into the blood from a single amalgam surface is 0.2% of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended daily intake. Amalgam fillings have been widely used for over 150 years and are cost effective, strong and durable. Cerec®: Cerec® is a material used for indirect fillings that can be set in a single visit. Cerec® fillings provide a natural appearance and are strong, durable and provide more opportunity to conserve your tooth structure. Using a Cerec® machine and CAD-CAM software your dentist takes an optical impression of your tooth to produce the restoration and they will then bond this to your tooth. For more information please view the SD Cerec® website. Composite fillings: the most widely used because of their natural appearance and they can be matched to the shade of your teeth. They are made from plastic resin and filler and are bonded to teeth. They are not as strong as amalgam and do not last as long. Glass ionomer fillings: not as strong as composite fillings, these are used along the gum line, in children’s molars and to cement dental crowns. They are made from polyacylic acid and resin.

Molars (teeth at the back of the mouth used for chewing) often have grooves or fissures. These can be difficult to clean and food particles can be trapped here. Bacteria may grow and release acids that can decay your tooth. Your dentist can apply a protective plastic covering (sealant) to the fissure to help prevent tooth decay. For more information please view the New Zealand Dental Association website - Fissure Sealants.

Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease characterised by red, swollen (inflamed) gums that may bleed when teeth are cleaned. It is caused by bacteria in dental plaque releasing acid and enzymes that irritate the gums and stimulate an inflammatory response. If untreated, gingivitis can develop into the more severe periodontitis. Gingivitis can usually be reversed by improving personal oral care (regular brushing and flossing) and a professional clean. For more information please view the New Zealand Society of Periodontology website.

During sport and other activities your teeth can be knocked out completely from your gums. In some instances your dentist can put them back in. For information on how to reduce the probability of long term damage view the resource from the Ministry of Health website, First aid for knocked-out teeth.

Visiting the dentist can be a source of anxiety. Your dentist may be able to provide sedation or nitrous oxide (laughing gas) to help you feel calm. Fortunately, with advances in dentistry, your dentist can manage the discomfort during procedures to make the experience as pain free as possible. Your dentist will usually apply a topical anaesthetic to numb the surface of your gum and then inject a local anaesthetic that works for up to 2 hours and numbs the tissue deeper within the gum. In certain circumstances your dentist may recommend the use of a sedative or general anaesthetic so you are asleep and do not remember the procedure.

Periodontitis involves the gums and support tissues of the teeth. Periodontitis develops from gingivitis, where the surface of the gums is inflamed due to toxins released by bacteria in plaque. This immune response can lead to degradation of teeth and gums along the gum line and the formation of small pockets in the gums. Bacteria can become trapped in these pockets and colonise the space, so further tooth and gum degradation occur. Once degradation has occurred in the ligaments and bone that support and hold the teeth the damage is permanent and irreversible. Teeth are lost and abscesses may form. Not everyone who develops gingivitis will develop periodontitis, but all people with periodontitis began with gingivitis. People who are more prone to developing periodontitis include those with a family history of the disease, people with poor oral hygiene, smokers, pregnant woman, diabetics, people on certain medications and those with compromised immune systems. Periodontal treatment is usually provided by a periodontist. For more information please view the New Zealand Society of Periodontology website.

Your general dentist may be able to provide a plate for your child to prevent a malocclusion (bad bite) from forming or to correct a mild malocclusion. For braces and orthodontic treatment your dentist will refer you to an orthodontist.

Bonding Bonding is done to restore chipped or broken teeth, to fill in gaps or to shape and recolour your teeth. The dentist will do this using a composite resin and then apply a bonding material to restore the appearance of your teeth. Crowns Crowns cover the entire surface of your tooth. They are used to protect existing teeth and/or improve their appearance. They are usually made of porcelain and may have a gold core. To fit the crown your dentist will reduce the size of your existing tooth to make enough space for the crown and then make a mould for the dental technician. Your dentist will fit you with a temporary crown until the dental technician has made yours. Your dentist will cement the crown into place. Inlays and Onlays Inlays and onlays are similar to direct restoration/fillings, except rather than the filling being placed in a single dental visit, the dentist takes a mould of your existing tooth and the inlays and onlays are created by a dental technician. The dentist will fit and bond this into your existing tooth at your second visit. Inlays and onlays can be made from gold, porcelain, Cerec® or resin materials. Cerec® fillings can be applied in a single visit. Inlays are bonded into the centre of the tooth while onlays include restoration of one or more cusps (points) of the tooth or full coverage of the biting surface. Veneers Veneers are thin pieces of porcelain or plastic that are permanently fitted to the front of your teeth. They can improve the appearance of your teeth by covering teeth that are discoloured, chipped, crooked or to cover gaps between teeth.

The core of a tooth contains connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves, collectively known as dental pulp. At the top of a tooth it is found in the pulp chamber and within the root of a tooth it is found in root canals. If the tooth pulp is damaged or infected your dentist may recommend a root canal filling. Traditionally these teeth were extracted. Your dentist will take an x-ray to determine the health and location of the dental pulp. They will drill a hole through the top of your tooth to access the root canals. The root canals are cleaned and shaped with a dental file and washed with a sterilising solution. The root canals can then be filled with a permanent filling. A crown may be added for further protection and to improve your tooth’s appearance. For more information please view the New Zealand Society of Endodontics website. Root canal retreatment In a small proportion of people who receive a root canal filling, the treatment fails or the symptoms of infection and inflammation can persist. This can occur soon after treatment or many years later. Treatment usually involves removing the root filling material and repeating the root canal treatment. For more information please view the New Zealand Society of Endodontics website.

Tooth extraction involves the removal of damaged, decayed or infected teeth. Healthy teeth may be removed that the mouth does not have space for, or in preparation for orthodontic treatment, or to remove teeth that are impacted or partially impacted and at risk of causing infection. Your dentist will apply a topical anaesthetic to numb the surface of your gum, followed by a local anaesthetic injection to numb the tissue around the tooth to be removed. If the tooth has not broken the gum line an incision may be required. Following extraction a blood clot usually forms within one hour and may take up to one week to heal. Over the following 1-2 months the socket will gradually fill in with gum tissue. Your dentist will refer you to an oral & maxillofacial surgeon if an extraction is outside of their expertise.

Although at home tooth whitening treatments are available from pharmacies you are best to visit your dentist to ensure an effective and consistent result. Some teeth may not be suitable for whitening and not all of your natural teeth will be the same colour.

Wisdom teeth are the third molars right at the back of your mouth. They usually appear during your late teens or early twenties. If there is not enough room in your mouth they may partially erupt through the gum or not at all. This is referred to as an impacted wisdom tooth. Due to their location wisdom teeth can be difficult to clean and are more susceptible to decay, gum disease and recurrent infections. They can cause crowding of teeth and, on rare occasions, cysts and tumours develop around them. Your dentist will advise if some or all of your wisdom teeth need to be removed. Wisdom teeth will usually only be removed if your dentist believes they will be a significant compromise to your oral health. Impacted tooth extraction Your dentist may recommend extraction if you are at significantly greater risk of infection or tooth decay. Impacted teeth may be removed by your dentist or they may refer you to an oral & maxillofacial surgeon. An incision (cut) is made in your gum and access to the impacted tooth cleared by pushing aside gum tissue and, if necessary, removing some bone. The tooth is removed whole or in pieces and the gum stitched together over the hole.